Mandatory Kannada education is violation of fundamental rights: Supreme Court

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May 6, 2014
Bangalore, May 6: In a landmark judgement, the Supreme Court on Tuesday ruled that the government cannot impose a particular language, including mother tongue, for teaching children at the primary education level. The apex court also struck down a Karnataka government order imposing Kannada language as the medium of instruction in all primary schools of the state.

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A five-judge Constitution Bench, headed by Chief Justice R M Lodha said that the state cannot impose a language on a child and such a compulsion could be violative of fundamental rights of the children and their parents. This highly emotive issue is likely to create more controversy across the state.

The Karnataka Government had filed an appeal against the division bench judgment of the Karnataka High Court in the Supreme Court.

An association of private schools had been fighting against the imposition of Kannada as a main language or medium of instruction in primary schools. Their advocate KV Dhananjaya argued that they were not questioning the greatness of Kannada or its primacy in the state. They maintained that the knowledge of English is very essential and the children should not be deprived of it. During the hearing, advocate Dhananjay, representing more than 1,800 private unaided English medium schools in Karnataka, told the Bench how language is not ingrained in the human brain and teaching in the mother tongue in primary classes cannot do much to improve career prospects.

"The Government wholly errs when it assumes that a parent's preference for English medium education is a rejection and devaluation of Kannada language. Kannada is a language of immeasurable greatness. A child could learn through English medium in his school and still be perfectly wedded to Kannada culture and hold it with the greatest respect and regard," Dhananjay said.

Citing the example of Nagaland where 90 per cent of the population is declared as Scheduled Tribes and English is the preferred medium of instruction, Dhananjay said, "Today, 51 per cent of all children in India in the primary education system are enrolled in Hindi medium. Then comes English medium, which has 11 per cent."

"If English cannot be protected by the courts because it did not originate in India, what about the religions of Islam and Christianity? These religions did not originate in India. Are not these two religions entitled to protection?" he questioned.

Countering his arguments, Karnataka Advocate General Ravi Varma Kumar stressed that the state had the Constitutional obligation to provide instructions to people in way of regulation.

Citing various provisions, Kumar told the Bench how important it was to protect minority rights and institutions. "Primary school language should be one's mother tongue and not English, for, English is an alien language," he said.

"The state has the power to regulate and the right to oppose restrictions is the right of the state," Kumar said, concluding his arguments.

According to 'Legal Junction' in 1982, Government of Karnataka issued an order thereby prescribing that Kannada shall be the sole first language from 1st standard of primary school itself. The order was challenged before the High Court, which held this as unconstitutional.

Thereafter, in 1989, State Government, vide an order, made "mother tongue' as the medium of instruction at the primary school level. Along with this, State Government made it obligatory for one to take "Kannada" as second language, if the same has not been chosen as the first language. The 1989 order was challenged before the Supreme Court in English Medium Students Parents Association vs. The State of Karnataka & Ors, which consequently upheld it.

Following this, in 1994, State Government came up with another order ("1994 Order") which, after revising the policy, made the 'medium of instruction' from 1st to 4th standard in all schools recognised by the State Government as either Kannada or mother tongue. Contending 1994 order as violative of Articles 14, 19(1)(a), 21, 29(2) and 30(1) of the Constitution of India ("Constitution"), writ petitions were filed before the High Court. By its order, full bench of the High Court quashed the disputed clause No. 2, 3, 6 and 8 of the 1994 Order with its application to schools other than the schools run or aided by the Government. It is against this order of the High Court that the State Government has preferred an appeal before the Supreme Court, i.e., the present case.

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December 7,2025

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Mangaluru, Dec 7: A rare bamboo shrimp has been rediscovered on mainland India more than 70 years after it was last reported, confirming for the first time the presence of Atyopsis spinipes in the country. The find was made by researchers from the Centre for Climate Change Studies at Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, during surveys in Karnataka and Odisha.

The team — shrimp expert Dr S Prakash, PhD scholar K Kunjulakshmi, and Mangaluru-based researcher Maclean Antony Santos — combined field surveys, ecological assessments and DNA analysis to identify the elusive species. Their findings, published in Zootaxa, resolve decades of taxonomic confusion stemming from a 1951 report that misidentified the species as Atyopsis moluccensis without strong evidence.

The shrimp has now been confirmed at two locations: the Mulki–Pavanje estuary near Mangaluru and the Kuakhai River in Bhubaneswar. Historical specimens from the Andaman Islands, previously labelled as A. moluccensis, were also found to be misidentified and actually belong to A. spinipes.

The rediscovery began after an aquarium hobbyist in Odisha spotted a shrimp in 2022, prompting systematic surveys across Udupi, Karwar and Mangaluru. Four female specimens were collected in Mulki and one in Odisha, all genetically matching.

Researchers warn the species may exist in very small, vulnerable populations as freshwater habitats face increasing pressure from pollution, sand mining and infrastructure development. All verified specimens have been deposited with the Zoological Survey of India for future reference.

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November 30,2025

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Mangaluru, Nov 30: A 22-year-old college student succumbed to her injuries at a private hospital in Mangaluru today, days after she was hit by a goods tempo while crossing a road in Padubidri.

The deceased has been identified as Preksha, a resident of Nadsalu Billitota in Padubidri. The fatal incident occurred as Preksha, who was returning home after completing her examination, attempted to cross the service road towards Mangaluru. She was struck by a goods tempo approaching from the Udupi side, causing her to fall and sustain a severe head injury.

Prompt action from local residents ensured she received immediate first aid before being rushed to a hospital in Mangaluru for specialised treatment. Despite medical efforts, she passed away while undergoing care.

Preksha was a student at Karavali College, Vamanjoor on the outskirts of Mangaluru city. The tragedy is compounded by the fact that she belonged to a financially vulnerable family, having previously lost her father. She is survived by her mother and brother.

A case related to the accident has been registered at the Padubidri police station, and an investigation is underway to determine the exact circumstances that led to the collision. The incident highlights the growing concerns over road safety, particularly on busy service roads, and serves as a tragic reminder of the human cost of traffic accidents.

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News Network
December 7,2025

Mangaluru, Dec 7: A 34-year-old fruit and vegetable trader in Mangaluru has reportedly lost ₹33.1 lakh after falling victim to an online investment scam run through a fake mobile app.

Police said the scam began in September, when the victim received a link on Facebook. Clicking it connected him to a WhatsApp number, where an unidentified person introduced a high-return investment scheme and instructed him to download an app.

To build trust, the fraudster asked him to invest ₹30,000 on September 24. The trader soon received ₹34,000 as “profit,” convincing him the scheme was genuine. Over the next two months, he transferred money in multiple instalments via Google Pay and IMPS to different scanner codes and bank accounts shared by the scammers. Between September 24 and December 3, he ended up sending a total of ₹33.1 lakh.

When he later requested a refund of his investment and promised returns, the scammers demanded additional payments, claiming he needed to pay a “service tax” first. Even after he paid a small amount, no money was returned, and the scammers continued pressuring him for more.

A case has been registered at the CEN Crime Police Station.

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